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Bełżec, Sobibór, Treblinka, Majdanek

National Socialism, Operation Reinhard, Poland

This web portal on the "Operation ReinhardCode name for the operation to kill Jews in the three special killing centers, Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka, in the General Government between March 1942 and October 1943. The name was coined in memory of Reinhard Heydrich, one of the central planners of the "final solution," who had been fatally wounded by Czech partisans in May 1942." and its camps provides a wealth of English language documents and information translated mostly into German, including historical written documents, photographic material and maps about the Operation Reinhard. This was the Nazi code name for the "Final Solution" through poison gas in three special death camps set up at Bełżec, Sobibór and TreblinkaKilling center on the Bug River northeast of Warsaw in the General Government (occupied Poland). Opened in July 1942, Treblinka was the largest of the three killing centers of Operation Reinhard. Between 700,000 and 860,000 Jews and several thousand Gypsies were killed there. A revolt of the inmates on August 2, 1943 destroyed most of the camp, and it was closed in November 1943.. Between March 1942 and October 1943 and during the "Operation Harvest Festival" on the 3rd and 4th of November 1943, 1.75 million Jews from Poland and other European countries as well as thousands of SintiThe predominant populace of Gypsies residing in Central Europe, especially in Germany. (See "Gypsies," "Roma") and RomaConsidered a pejorative collective term for Roma and Sinti. These nomadic people are believed to have come originally from northwest India, which they left for Persia in the first millennium A.D. Traveling mostly in small caravans, Roma and Sinti first appeared in western Europe after the fourteenth century. By the sixteenth century, they had settled in every country of Europe. It is estimated that between 250,000-500,000 Roma and Sinti perished in the gas chambers, concentration camps, ghettos, and mass executions of German-occupied Europe during World War II. were murdered in the course of Operation Reinhard.

The portal includes individual pages about the death camps at Bełżec, Sobibór, Treblinka and the MajdanekNazi concentration and labor camp with killing center near Lublin in eastern Poland. Opened in late 1941 for men and women prisoners. Initially, Majdanek was a labor camp for Poles and a POW camp for Russians, it was classified as a concentration camp in April 1943. Like Auschwitz, it was also a major killing center. Majdanek was liberated by the Soviet Army in July 1944, one of the first war crimes trials was held there in October 1944. concentration camp. Pages about the topics "The LublinA city in eastern Poland, also the alternate name for the Majdanek concentration and labor camp. Headquarters of the Operation Reinhard", "EuthanasiaThe code name for Tiergartenstraße 4, the Berlin headquarters of the "euthanasia" killing program. (See "Euthanasia")" and the ghettos are also available.

The topics "EuthanasiaNazi euphemism for the deliberate killing of the institutionalized physically and mentally disabled by gassing and drug overdoses, based on Hitler's backdated authorization of September 1, 1939. Despite elaborate efforts at concealment, the killings became public knowledge. From October 1939 to the summer of 1941, more than 70,000 disabled Germans and Austrians were murdered. After August 1941, the second less-centralized killing phase, known as "wild euthanasia," continued the "euthanasia" program until the war's end. In all, about 200,000-250,000 disabled were murdered, including thousands of Polish and Soviet handicapped killed in the East. (See also "Operation T 4," "Operation 14f13")", Operation Reinhard and " La Risiera di San Sabba" show the biographies of the perpetrators. SSThe SS started as guard detachments formed in 1925 to act as Hitler's personal guard. From 1929 on, under Heinrich Himmler, the SS developed into the elite units of the Nazi party. These Nazi paramilitary, black-shirted storm troops used two symbols copied from Teutonic runes -- a parallel, jagged double S usually used as a warning for high-tension wires or lightning. The SS was built into a giant organization by Himmler and provided the staff for the police, concentration camp guards and fighting units [Waffen SS]. men like Christian Wirth were murderers of sick people, deemed not worthy to live, at HadamarA psychiatric hospital and sanatorium founded in 1906 that served Operation T4 as an "euthanasia" center after 1941. More than 11,000 people were killed here, including Jewish children of mixed marriages that had been placed in foster homes. The American postwar Hadamar trial in October 1945 was one of the first trials held in the American occupation zone. The prosecution team, headed by U.S. Army Colonel Leon Jaworski, tried and convicted seven defendants for killing 476 Allied nationals (Polish and Russian forced laborers) diagnosed with tuberculosis. and Grafeneck before they started organising the murder of the European Jews. When Operation Reinhard was over, they were deployed to Italy for the annihilation of the Jews in the Trieste Region.

The information provided by the portal is so complex that pupils with no previous information will almost inevitably get lost. However, the web portal can be recommended for the independent research work of senior high level students working on specific research questions, e.g. euthanasia, careers of Nazi perpetrators, collaboration (the so-called Trawniki-men) or research into the history of specific towns in Poland during German occupation. The portal is an important resource for teachers and multipliers as it provides a concise, yet differentiated, analysis of recent research findings on the Operation Reinhard, referring to English, German and Polish publications.

This ressource is available at http://www.deathcamps.org.