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Bernburg

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A state psychiatric hospital built in 1875, from 1940 to 1943, BernburgA state psychiatric hospital built in 1875, from 1940 to 1943, Bernburg was one of six state hospitals where the psychiatric and physically disabled as well as many thousands of concentration camp prisoners were killed in gas chambers using carbon monoxide. In Bernburg, more than 5,000 prisoners, mostly Jewish, from concentration camps at Buchenwald, Flossenbürg, Gross-Rosen, Neuengamme, Ravensbrück, and Sachsenhausen were killed under the "special operation 14f13." In 1943, killing was suspended and Bernburg again became nursing home. was one of six state hospitals where the psychiatric and physically disabled as well as many thousands of concentration camp prisoners were killed in gas chambersSealed rooms in killing centers such as Auschwitz-Birkenau, Majdanek and other concentration camps, and also the killing centers of Operation T4. Jewish and other prisoners (Sinti, the disabled, etc.) were crowded into these rooms, and poison gas (Cyclon B) or carbon monoxide was released, killing the prisoners. Cyclon B was used at Auschwitz-Birkenau and Majdanek, the other killing centers used carbon monoxide. More than 3 million people were murdered in this way. using carbon monoxide. In Bernburg, more than 5,000 prisoners, mostly Jewish, from concentration camps at BuchenwaldA concentration camp opened in 1937 on the Ettersberg hillside overlooking Weimar, Germany. The first German and Austrian Jewish prisoners arrived in 1938, German and Austrian Gypsy prisoners were deported there after July 1938. During the war, nearly 65,000 of Buchenwald's 250,000 prisoners perished, others died in its more than 130 satellite labor camps. Buchenwald was one of the few major camps where prisoners rebelled in the days preceding liberation by units of the U.S. Army on April 11, 1945., FlossenbürgNazi concentration camp for men, opened in May 1938, located in northeastern Bavaria. After 1943, women prisoners were also incarcerated at Flossenbürg, which eventually had more than 100 auxiliary labor camps. A total of 96,716 prisoners was registered, 30,000 of these prisoners were killed there. In the last year, 1,500 political prisoners, including Dietrich Bonhoeffer and members of the 1944 plot against Hitler, were executed there. The camp was liberated by U.S. 90th Infantry Divisions on April 23, 1945., Gross-Rosen, NeuengammeA concentration camp near Hamburg, Germany, opened in December 1938, initially as a satellite of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Neuengamme became an independent camp in June 1940. British troops liberated Neuengamme on May 4, 1945., RavensbrückConcentration camp for women opened near Fürstenberg, 56 miles north of Berlin, in May 1939. It was constructed on reclaimed swampland and built by male prisoners from Sachsenhausen during the winter of 1938-1939. Designed to hold 15,000 prisoners, Ravensbrück eventually held more than 120,000 women from 23 nations. The prisoners included political prisoners, Roma and Sinti, Jews, and Jehovah's Witnesses. It included a separate men's camp, a children's camp at Uckermark, and, from January to April 1945, a killing center. It was liberated by the Soviet Army in late April 1945., and SachsenhausenConcentration camp for men opened in 1936. Located in Oranienburg, a suburb of Berlin and the site of an earlier "wild" concentration camp, Sachsenhausen was adjacent to the Inspectorate of the Concentration Camps. It held about 200,000 prisoners, of whom 100,000 perished. It was liberated by the Soviet army in late April 1945. were killed under the "special operation 14f13Extended Operation T 4 to the selection and murder of approximately 20,000 concentration camp prisoners deemed mentally ill or incapable of work. This extension of Operation T4 occurred between April 1941 and April 1943. The killings took place in T4 hospitals and sanatoriums. (See "Euthanasia")." In 1943, killing was suspended and Bernburg again became nursing home.