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Litzmannstadt

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Also known as "LodzAlso known as "Lodz." City in incorporated western Poland where the first major ghetto was created in April 1940. By September 1941, the ghetto's population faced severe overcrowding. In October 1941, 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were deported to the Lodz ghetto. A separate section of the ghetto was set up for approximately 5,000 Austrian Roma and Sinti. During 1942 and June-July 1944, there were massive deportations from Lodz to the killing center in Chelmno. In August-September 1944, the ghetto was dissolved and the remaining 60,000 Jews were sent to Auschwitz.." City in incorporated western Poland where the first major ghettoThe Nazis revived the medieval term 'ghetto' to describe their compulsory "Jewish quarters". Ghettos were poor sections of a city where all Jews from the city and surrounding areas were forced to reside. Surrounded by barbed wire or walls, the ghettos were sealed and no one could leave. Established mostly in German-occupied Eastern Europe (for example, Lodz, Warsaw, Vilna, Riga, Minsk), the ghettos were characterized by overcrowding, starvation and heavy labor. All ghettos were eventually dissolved, and the Jews and Gypsies that had resided there were deported and murdered. was created in April 1940. By September 1941, the ghetto's population faced severe overcrowding. In October 1941, 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaThe German designation for the territories of Czechoslovakia occupied by the Wehrmacht on March 16, 1939. were deported to the LodzCity in incorporated western Poland, renamed Litzmannstadt, where the first major ghetto was created in April 1940. By September 1941, the ghetto's population faced severe overcrowding. In October 1941, 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were deported to the Lodz ghetto. A separate section of the ghetto was set up for approximately 5,000 Austrian Roma and Sinti. During 1942 and June-July 1944, there were massive deportations from Lodz to the killing center in Chelmno. In August-September 1944, the ghetto was dissolved and the remaining 60,000 Jews were sent to Auschwitz. ghetto. A separate section of the ghetto was set up for approximately 5,000 Austrian RomaConsidered a pejorative collective term for Roma and Sinti. These nomadic people are believed to have come originally from northwest India, which they left for Persia in the first millennium A.D. Traveling mostly in small caravans, Roma and Sinti first appeared in western Europe after the fourteenth century. By the sixteenth century, they had settled in every country of Europe. It is estimated that between 250,000-500,000 Roma and Sinti perished in the gas chambers, concentration camps, ghettos, and mass executions of German-occupied Europe during World War II. and SintiThe predominant populace of Gypsies residing in Central Europe, especially in Germany. (See "Gypsies," "Roma"). During 1942 and June-July 1944, there were massive deportations from Lodz to the killing center in ChelmnoKilling center opened in late December 1941 in incorporated western Poland [Wartheland], where the SS, using special mobile gas vans, killed more than 320,000 Jews from Lodz and Poznan as well as about 5,000 Austrian Gypsies incarcerated in the Lodz ghetto. The killing center at Chelmno operated from December 1941 to March 1943 and resumed operations between June/ July 1944 during the liquidation of the Lodz ghetto and January 1945.. In August-September 1944, the ghetto was dissolved and the remaining 60,000 Jews were sent to AuschwitzA complex of concentration, labor and extermination camps located approximately 40 miles west of Cracow in Upper Silesia (Poland). Established in 1940 as a concentration camp, it became a killing center in 1942. Auschwitz I was the central camp. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was the killing center. Auschwitz III, or Monowitz, was the IG Farben labor camps, also known as BUNA. In addition, there were numerous subsidiary camps. Auschwitz was liberated by the Soviet Army on January 27, 1945..