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Walther Funksearch for term

1890-1960. Reich Minister for Economic Affairs (1938 - 1945) and President of the German Reichsbank (1939 - 1945). As a defendant at the International Military Tribunal, he was found guilty of crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Funk was sentenced to life imprisonment but was released in 1957 due to illness.

Wannsee Conferencesearch for term

Conference called by Reinhard Heydrich1904-1942. Head of the SS Security Service. In 1939, Heydrich combined the SD and the Security Police into the Central Office for Reich Security. He organized the Einsatzgruppen [task forces] and was asked by Göring to "implement the final solution." In 1941, Heydrich was appointed Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. On May 27, 1942, he was fatally wounded by Czech partisans. In retaliation for his assassination, the Germans liquidated the Bohemian village of Lidice on June 6, 1942, killing men over the age of 16 and deporting women and children to concentration camps. Some of the children were gassed at Chelmno. and held at a lakeside villa in Wannsee, a suburb of Berlin, on January 20, 1942, to coordinate the logistics of the "final solution."

Warsaw Ghettosearch for term

Established in November 1940, the Warsaw GhettoEstablished in November 1940, the Warsaw Ghetto was surrounded by a wall and contained nearly 500,000 Jews and several thousand Gypsies. In 1941, about 45,000 Jews died there from overcrowding, hard labor, lack of sanitation, starvation, and epidemics. During 1942, most of the ghetto residents were deported to Treblinka, leaving 30,000 Jews in the ghetto. A revolt lasting 28 days took place in April-May 1943, when the Germans attempted to raze the ghetto and deport the remaining inhabitants to Treblinka. was surrounded by a wall and contained nearly 500,000 Jews and several thousand GypsiesThe predominant populace of Gypsies residing in Central Europe, especially in Germany. (See "Gypsies," "Roma"). In 1941, about 45,000 Jews died there from overcrowding, hard labor, lack of sanitation, starvation, and epidemics. During 1942, most of the ghetto residents were deported to TreblinkaKilling center on the Bug River northeast of Warsaw in the General Government (occupied Poland). Opened in July 1942, Treblinka was the largest of the three killing centers of Operation Reinhard. Between 700,000 and 860,000 Jews and several thousand Gypsies were killed there. A revolt of the inmates on August 2, 1943 destroyed most of the camp, and it was closed in November 1943., leaving 30,000 Jews in the ghetto. A revolt lasting 28 days took place in April-May 1943, when the Germans attempted to raze the ghetto and deport the remaining inhabitants to Treblinka.

Werner Bestsearch for term

1903-1989. Received a doctorate in law, 1927, joined Nazi party, 1930, and the SSThe SS started as guard detachments formed in 1925 to act as Hitler's personal guard. From 1929 on, under Heinrich Himmler, the SS developed into the elite units of the Nazi party. These Nazi paramilitary, black-shirted storm troops used two symbols copied from Teutonic runes -- a parallel, jagged double S usually used as a warning for high-tension wires or lightning. The SS was built into a giant organization by Himmler and provided the staff for the police, concentration camp guards and fighting units [Waffen SS]., 1931, highest rank SS Lieutenant General [Obergruppenführer], civil servant in Hesse, 1929, commissioner for police in Hesse, 1933, Heydrich's legal adviser and chief of Office for Administration and Legal Affairs in the Central Office of the Security Police, 1935, chief of Office I (Personnel) in the Central Office for Reich SecurityAlso known as RSHA, the acronym for Reichssicherheitshauptamt, with headquarters located on Prinz Albrecht Strasse in Berlin. This Nazi administrative office was formed in September 1939 from the union of the Security Service and Security Police (the latter also included the Gestapo and the Kriminalpolizei [Central Detective Forces]). The RSHA was initially headed by Reinhard Heydrich. After Heydrich's assassination, Ernst Kaltenbrunner directed the RSHA from 1943-1945., 1939-1940, chief of civil administration with the military governor in France, 1940-1942, Reich Plenipotentiary in occupied Denmark, 1942-1945, sentenced to death by Danish court in 1946, pardoned in 1949 and released in 1951.

Werner Heydesearch for term

Born in 1902. Doctorate in medicine, licensed as a physician in 1926, specialized in psychiatry and neurology, 1929, joined Nazi party, 1933, and the SSThe SS started as guard detachments formed in 1925 to act as Hitler's personal guard. From 1929 on, under Heinrich Himmler, the SS developed into the elite units of the Nazi party. These Nazi paramilitary, black-shirted storm troops used two symbols copied from Teutonic runes -- a parallel, jagged double S usually used as a warning for high-tension wires or lightning. The SS was built into a giant organization by Himmler and provided the staff for the police, concentration camp guards and fighting units [Waffen SS]., 1936, promoted to SS Lieutenant Colonel, 1943, advisory psychiatrist for the concentration camps, 1934, chief of the medical department of the T4 "euthanasiaThe code name for Tiergartenstraße 4, the Berlin headquarters of the "euthanasia" killing program. (See "Euthanasia")" program, 1940-1941, interned by the United States Army, 1945, escaped, 1947, practiced medicine as psychiatrist in Schleswig-Holstein under the name of Sawade, 1949-1959, indicted by the attorney general in Frankfurt, 1959, committed suicide in pre-trial detention, 1964.

Wewelsburg, Cult and Terror Site of the SSsearch for term

Built in 1603-1609 as a secondary residence of the prince bishops of Paderborn. In 1934, the SSThe SS started as guard detachments formed in 1925 to act as Hitler's personal guard. From 1929 on, under Heinrich Himmler, the SS developed into the elite units of the Nazi party. These Nazi paramilitary, black-shirted storm troops used two symbols copied from Teutonic runes -- a parallel, jagged double S usually used as a warning for high-tension wires or lightning. The SS was built into a giant organization by Himmler and provided the staff for the police, concentration camp guards and fighting units [Waffen SS]. rented the castle, which was to become a shrine for dead SS leaders. The Reich Labor Service began construction work, which was continued with prisoners from SachsenhausenConcentration camp for men opened in 1936. Located in Oranienburg, a suburb of Berlin and the site of an earlier "wild" concentration camp, Sachsenhausen was adjacent to the Inspectorate of the Concentration Camps. It held about 200,000 prisoners, of whom 100,000 perished. It was liberated by the Soviet army in late April 1945. from 1939 on. In 1941, the concentration camp Abbreviated as KZ. Prison in which political and religious dissidents, ethnic and racial opponents were involuntarily held. Before the end of World War II, the Germans set up several thousand such camps."Niederhagen" was established at Wewelsburg. Of the 3,900 prisoners there, at least 1,285 died of starvation and homicide. On March 31, 1945, Himmler issued orders to blow up the castle. Two days later, American troops liberated the remaining prisoners. In 1982, an exhibition and memorial site was opened on the site.

Wilhelm Stuckartsearch for term

1902-1953. Lawyer who joined the Nazi party in 1922 and participated in the Hitler Munich putsch in 1923. Became undersecretary in the Reich Ministry of the Interior in 1935 and co-authored the Nuremberg lawsThe two laws issued in 1935 to further legal exclusion from German life of persons considered alien, drawing a distinction between so-called Aryans (persons with "German or related blood") and so-called non-Aryans. These laws reduced the rights of German Jews, since they could no longer vote or hold office, although they retained the right to German passports. These laws were proclaimed at the annual Nazi party rally in Nuremberg on September 15, 1935. They were also implemented against German Gypsies and Afro-Germans.. At the January 1942 Wannsee ConferenceConference called by Reinhard Heydrich and held at a lakeside villa in Wannsee, a suburb of Berlin, on January 20, 1942, to coordinate the logistics of the "final solution.", Stuckart proposed compulsory sterilization of persons of "mixed blood" [Mischlinge] and divorces for those in mixed marriages. Arrested in May 1945, he denied attending the Wannsee Conference. In April 1949, he was sentenced to prison for 3 years and 10 months, the sentence was counted as having been served during his pretrial imprisonment.

Wilhelmstrasse Trialsearch for term

Case 11 of the American Nuremberg Tribunals, November 1947 to November 1948, was also known as the Ministries Trial. The defendants included Ernst von Weizsäcker and other officials of the German Foreign Office, which had been located on Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin.

Wittenbergesearch for term

From1938 to 1945, the Kurmark Pulp and Rayon Staple Factory was in WittenbergeFrom1938 to 1945, the Kurmark Pulp and Rayon Staple Factory was in Wittenberge. At times over 1000 people were forced to work there, producing synthetic fibers (used for example in uniforms and munitions), and nutrient yeast. From 1942, the Neuengamme Concentration Camp had a branch on the factory grounds, in which several hundred prisoners had to live and work under inhuman conditions.. At times over 1000 people were forced to work there, producing synthetic fibers (used for example in uniforms and munitions), and nutrient yeast. From 1942, the NeuengammeA concentration camp near Hamburg, Germany, opened in December 1938, initially as a satellite of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Neuengamme became an independent camp in June 1940. British troops liberated Neuengamme on May 4, 1945. Concentration Camp had a branch on the factory grounds, in which several hundred prisoners had to live and work under inhuman conditions.

Synonyms: KZ-Branch Camp Neuengamme
Wöbbelinsearch for term

A satellite camp of NeuengammeA concentration camp near Hamburg, Germany, opened in December 1938, initially as a satellite of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Neuengamme became an independent camp in June 1940. British troops liberated Neuengamme on May 4, 1945. near Ludwigslust, Germany, opened on February 12, 1945, that served as a labor camp and transit facility for prisoners evacuated from other Nazi concentration camps threatened by the Allied advance. Units of the U.S. Army liberated the camp on May 2, 1945 and found 4,000 prisoners and 1,000 corpses. The total number of those who died at WöbbelinA satellite camp of Neuengamme near Ludwigslust, Germany, opened on February 12, 1945, that served as a labor camp and transit facility for prisoners evacuated from other Nazi concentration camps threatened by the Allied advance. Units of the U.S. Army liberated the camp on May 2, 1945 and found 4,000 prisoners and 1,000 corpses. The total number of those who died at Wöbbelin cannot be determined. cannot be determined.

Wolfgang Langhoffsearch for term

1901-1966. Düsseldorf actor and theater director, arrested as a communist in February 1933 and sent to BörgermoorThe first Emsland camp opened in June 1933 and was marked by especially brutal conditions. In April 1934, the facility was changed into a prison camp for criminals, homosexuals, Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), and those condemned for high treason. In September 1944, 400 Night and Fog prisoners (western European resistance fighters) were deported to these camps.. He was released and subsequently fled to Switzerland in 1935. His memoirs, "Die Moorsoldaten" [We Are the Peat Bog Soldiers], published in 1935, describe this camp and the song of the same name. After 1945, Langhoff was appointed director of the Düsseldorf theater, and in 1946 he became supervising director of two major East Berlin theaters.