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Odilo Globocniksearch for term

1904-1945. Born in Trieste, building tradesman by profession, joined the National Socialist Party (NSDAP) in Carinthia in 1922, appointed deputy Gauleiter [leader of a regional or local branch of the Nazi party] of Carinthia in 1933, Gauleiter of Vienna from May 1938 to January 1939, from November 1939 SS and police leader in the LublinA city in eastern Poland, also the alternate name for the Majdanek concentration and labor camp. district, from the middle of 1942 head of the NSDAP in the Lublin district, responsible for the extermination of the Jews in the GeneralgouvernementThe German name for the administrative unit comprising those parts of occupied Poland that were not incorporated into the Reich. It initially included four districts: Cracow, Lublin, Radom, and Warsaw, containing 12 million inhabitants. After the invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, the fifth district, Lviv [Lemberg], was added as the district of Galicia. The Generalgouvernement comprised of an area of 94,000 km2 with about 12 million inhabitants (about 10 million Poles, 1.5 million Jews, 650,000 Germans and more than 500,000 Ukrainians and Byelorussians). Its capital was Krakow which was also the seat of General Governor Dr. Hans Frank. The official languages were German and Polish. Nazi plans included the elimination of the Polish school and education system except for primary schools, and the theft and destruction of Polish cultural goods. The Polish population was exposed to hunger, deportation to Germany as forced labourers, expulsion, public executions and the »pacification« of villages. The Jewish population was interned in ghettos from 1942 to 1944 and almost completely exterminated by the end of 1943. (so-called Operation Reinhardt), the plan to set up a German settlement area in the Lublin district was developed and implemented by him. Promoted to the post of higher SS and police leader in July 1943. Suicide after his arrest by the Britons.

Operation 14f13search for term

Extended Operation T 4 to the selection and murder of approximately 20,000 concentration camp prisoners deemed mentally ill or incapable of work. This extension of Operation T4 occurred between April 1941 and April 1943. The killings took place in T4 hospitals and sanatoriums. (See "EuthanasiaThe code name for Tiergartenstraße 4, the Berlin headquarters of the "euthanasia" killing program. (See "Euthanasia")")

Synonyms: Sonderbehandlung 14f13
Operation Barbarossasearch for term

Code name of the preparations for the attack on the Soviet Union on 22 July 1941, starting in 1940 and confirmed by Hitler's decree no. 21 of 18 September 1940. The attack on the Soviet Union, hitherto allied to the Third Reich, opened a new phase of the Second World War as it broadened the anti-fascist coalition. The Red Army suffered immense losses in the beginning, making it possible for the German troops to occupy vast areas of the Ukraine, Byelorussia and the Baltic Republics and to advance within reach of Moscow in a relatively short period of time.

Operation Reinhardsearch for term

Code name for the operation to kill Jews in the three special killing centers, BelzecA killing center in German-occupied Poland. Originally a labor camp, Belzec became a killing center after November 1, 1941 as part of Operation Reinhard. Belzec originally had three gas chambers that used carbon monoxide from a diesel engine. In June 1942, new gas chambers were built. In December 1942, transports to Belzec ceased and the camp shut down. Approximately 600,000 people, mostly Jews, were killed there and buried in mass graves. To destro evidence of their crimes, the Germans ordered the graves opened, the bodies exhumed and cremated, and the ashes buried. The camp was dismantled in spring 1943., SobiborKilling center located in the Lublin district in eastern Poland. Sobibor opened in May 1942 and closed one day after a rebellion by its Jewish prisoners on October 14, 1943. At least 250,000 Jews were killed there. and TreblinkaKilling center on the Bug River northeast of Warsaw in the General Government (occupied Poland). Opened in July 1942, Treblinka was the largest of the three killing centers of Operation Reinhard. Between 700,000 and 860,000 Jews and several thousand Gypsies were killed there. A revolt of the inmates on August 2, 1943 destroyed most of the camp, and it was closed in November 1943., in the General Government between March 1942 and October 1943. The name was coined in memory of Reinhard Heydrich1904-1942. Head of the SS Security Service. In 1939, Heydrich combined the SD and the Security Police into the Central Office for Reich Security. He organized the Einsatzgruppen [task forces] and was asked by Göring to "implement the final solution." In 1941, Heydrich was appointed Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. On May 27, 1942, he was fatally wounded by Czech partisans. In retaliation for his assassination, the Germans liquidated the Bohemian village of Lidice on June 6, 1942, killing men over the age of 16 and deporting women and children to concentration camps. Some of the children were gassed at Chelmno., one of the central planners of the "final solution," who had been fatally wounded by Czech partisans in May 1942.

Synonyms: Aktion Reinhard
Operation T4search for term

The code name for Tiergartenstraße 4, the Berlin headquarters of the "euthanasiaThe code name for Tiergartenstraße 4, the Berlin headquarters of the "euthanasia" killing program. (See "Euthanasia")" killing program. (See "EuthanasiaNazi euphemism for the deliberate killing of the institutionalized physically and mentally disabled by gassing and drug overdoses, based on Hitler's backdated authorization of September 1, 1939. Despite elaborate efforts at concealment, the killings became public knowledge. From October 1939 to the summer of 1941, more than 70,000 disabled Germans and Austrians were murdered. After August 1941, the second less-centralized killing phase, known as "wild euthanasia," continued the "euthanasia" program until the war's end. In all, about 200,000-250,000 disabled were murdered, including thousands of Polish and Soviet handicapped killed in the East. (See also "Operation T 4," "Operation 14f13")")

Synonyms: Euthanasia
Oskar Rosenfeldsearch for term

1884-1944. Born in Korycany, Moravia, Rosenfeld attended the University of Vienna and worked with Theodor Herzl. After the incorporation of Austria in 1938, Rosenfeld moved to Prague, where he worked as correspondent for the London "Jewish Chronicle." In October 1941, Rosenfeld was deported from Prague to the LodzAlso known as "Lodz." City in incorporated western Poland where the first major ghetto was created in April 1940. By September 1941, the ghetto's population faced severe overcrowding. In October 1941, 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were deported to the Lodz ghetto. A separate section of the ghetto was set up for approximately 5,000 Austrian Roma and Sinti. During 1942 and June-July 1944, there were massive deportations from Lodz to the killing center in Chelmno. In August-September 1944, the ghetto was dissolved and the remaining 60,000 Jews were sent to Auschwitz. ghettoThe Nazis revived the medieval term 'ghetto' to describe their compulsory "Jewish quarters". Ghettos were poor sections of a city where all Jews from the city and surrounding areas were forced to reside. Surrounded by barbed wire or walls, the ghettos were sealed and no one could leave. Established mostly in German-occupied Eastern Europe (for example, Lodz, Warsaw, Vilna, Riga, Minsk), the ghettos were characterized by overcrowding, starvation and heavy labor. All ghettos were eventually dissolved, and the Jews and Gypsies that had resided there were deported and murdered., where he joined the staff of the ghetto archives and wrote parts of the LodzCity in incorporated western Poland, renamed Litzmannstadt, where the first major ghetto was created in April 1940. By September 1941, the ghetto's population faced severe overcrowding. In October 1941, 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were deported to the Lodz ghetto. A separate section of the ghetto was set up for approximately 5,000 Austrian Roma and Sinti. During 1942 and June-July 1944, there were massive deportations from Lodz to the killing center in Chelmno. In August-September 1944, the ghetto was dissolved and the remaining 60,000 Jews were sent to Auschwitz. Ghetto "Chronicle." He was deported from Lodz to AuschwitzA complex of concentration, labor and extermination camps located approximately 40 miles west of Cracow in Upper Silesia (Poland). Established in 1940 as a concentration camp, it became a killing center in 1942. Auschwitz I was the central camp. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was the killing center. Auschwitz III, or Monowitz, was the IG Farben labor camps, also known as BUNA. In addition, there were numerous subsidiary camps. Auschwitz was liberated by the Soviet Army on January 27, 1945. in August 1944.