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Majdaneksearch for term

Nazi concentration and labor camp with killing center near LublinA city in eastern Poland, also the alternate name for the Majdanek concentration and labor camp. in eastern Poland. Opened in late 1941 for men and women prisoners. Initially, MajdanekNazi concentration and labor camp with killing center near Lublin in eastern Poland. Opened in late 1941 for men and women prisoners. Initially, Majdanek was a labor camp for Poles and a POW camp for Russians, it was classified as a concentration camp in April 1943. Like Auschwitz, it was also a major killing center. Majdanek was liberated by the Soviet Army in July 1944, one of the first war crimes trials was held there in October 1944. was a labor camp for Poles and a POW camp for Russians, it was classified as a concentration camp in April 1943. Like AuschwitzA complex of concentration, labor and extermination camps located approximately 40 miles west of Cracow in Upper Silesia (Poland). Established in 1940 as a concentration camp, it became a killing center in 1942. Auschwitz I was the central camp. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was the killing center. Auschwitz III, or Monowitz, was the IG Farben labor camps, also known as BUNA. In addition, there were numerous subsidiary camps. Auschwitz was liberated by the Soviet Army on January 27, 1945., it was also a major killing center. Majdanek was liberated by the Soviet Army in July 1944, one of the first war crimes trials was held there in October 1944.

Mauthausensearch for term

A camp for men opened in August 1938 near Linz. MauthausenA camp for men opened in August 1938 near Linz. Mauthausen was established to exploit nearby stone quarries, it was classified by the SS as a camp of utmost severity. The prisoners included Italian, French, Yugoslavian, and Spanish political prisoners, Jews from Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands (1941), Gypsies from Austria (1938-40), nearly 30,000 Polish prisoners, and thousands of Soviet prisoners of war. The total number of prisoners who passed through Mauthausen is about 200,000, of whom 119,000 perished, including 38,000 Jews. Mauthausen was liberated by the U.S. Army on May 5, 1945. was established to exploit nearby stone quarries, it was classified by the SS as a camp of utmost severity. The prisoners included Italian, French, Yugoslavian, and Spanish political prisonersGerman and foreign political opponents of the Nazi regime were frequently arrested and sent to jails, labor and concentration camps. Their prisoner uniform had a red triangle, often with the initial for their country of origin (P for Poland, I for Italy)., Jews from Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands (1941), Gypsies from Austria (1938-40), nearly 30,000 Polish prisoners, and thousands of Soviet prisoners of war. The total number of prisoners who passed through Mauthausen is about 200,000, of whom 119,000 perished, including 38,000 Jews. Mauthausen was liberated by the U.S. Army on May 5, 1945.

Max Koegelsearch for term

1895-1946. Salesman, served in World War I, joined Nazi party, 1932, and the SSThe SS started as guard detachments formed in 1925 to act as Hitler's personal guard. From 1929 on, under Heinrich Himmler, the SS developed into the elite units of the Nazi party. These Nazi paramilitary, black-shirted storm troops used two symbols copied from Teutonic runes -- a parallel, jagged double S usually used as a warning for high-tension wires or lightning. The SS was built into a giant organization by Himmler and provided the staff for the police, concentration camp guards and fighting units [Waffen SS]., 1933, promoted to SS Lieutenant Colonel, 1942, staff member of the DachauThe first durable concentration camp, near Munich, Germany, opened in late March 1933. At first, political opponents were interned in Dachau. Gradually more groups were incarcerated there. In Dachau, there was no mass extermination program, but out of a total of 206,206 registered prisoners, there were 31,591 registered deaths. However, the total number of deaths in Dachau, including victims of individual and mass executions and death marches, will never be fully known. On April 29, 1945, the camp was liberated by units of the U.S. Seventh Army. concentration camp, 1933, Adjutant at Columbia Haus concentration camp, 1936, Adjutant at Dachau concentration camp, 1937, Commandant of the women's concentration camps at Lichtenburg, 1938, and RavensbrückConcentration camp for women opened near Fürstenberg, 56 miles north of Berlin, in May 1939. It was constructed on reclaimed swampland and built by male prisoners from Sachsenhausen during the winter of 1938-1939. Designed to hold 15,000 prisoners, Ravensbrück eventually held more than 120,000 women from 23 nations. The prisoners included political prisoners, Roma and Sinti, Jews, and Jehovah's Witnesses. It included a separate men's camp, a children's camp at Uckermark, and, from January to April 1945, a killing center. It was liberated by the Soviet Army in late April 1945., 1940,.Commandant of the LublinA city in eastern Poland, also the alternate name for the Majdanek concentration and labor camp.-Maidanek concentration camp, 1942, and FlossenbürgNazi concentration camp for men, opened in May 1938, located in northeastern Bavaria. After 1943, women prisoners were also incarcerated at Flossenbürg, which eventually had more than 100 auxiliary labor camps. A total of 96,716 prisoners was registered, 30,000 of these prisoners were killed there. In the last year, 1,500 political prisoners, including Dietrich Bonhoeffer and members of the 1944 plot against Hitler, were executed there. The camp was liberated by U.S. 90th Infantry Divisions on April 23, 1945. concentration camp, 1943, committed suicide, 1946.

Milgram experimentsearch for term

Named for Stanley Milgram, the Milgram experimentNamed for Stanley Milgram, the Milgram experiment revealed the willingness of most people to obey authority even if it involved inflicting severe pain on others. It has serious implications for the issues of "responsibility and intent," "brutality and emotional response," and "moral judgment and peer influence." revealed the willingness of most people to obey authority even if it involved inflicting severe pain on others. It has serious implications for the issues of "responsibility and intent," "brutality and emotional response," and "moral judgment and peer influence."

Mittelbau-Dorasearch for term

Established in August 1943 as a subsidiary of the BuchenwaldA concentration camp opened in 1937 on the Ettersberg hillside overlooking Weimar, Germany. The first German and Austrian Jewish prisoners arrived in 1938, German and Austrian Gypsy prisoners were deported there after July 1938. During the war, nearly 65,000 of Buchenwald's 250,000 prisoners perished, others died in its more than 130 satellite labor camps. Buchenwald was one of the few major camps where prisoners rebelled in the days preceding liberation by units of the U.S. Army on April 11, 1945. concentration camp, this facility was originally named Dora. The camp for men, located near Nordhausen in the Harz Mountains, provided labor for the production of V-2 rockets in underground factories. Renamed Mittelbau, this concentration camp became independent in November 1944. Of 60,000 prisoners from 40 countries used for forced labor at Mittelbau-DoraEstablished in August 1943 as a subsidiary of the Buchenwald concentration camp, this facility was originally named Dora. The camp for men, located near Nordhausen in the Harz Mountains, provided labor for the production of V-2 rockets in underground factories. Renamed Mittelbau, this concentration camp became independent in November 1944. Of 60,000 prisoners from 40 countries used for forced labor at Mittelbau-Dora, more than 20,000 were killed because of brutal conditions., more than 20,000 were killed because of brutal conditions.

Mordechai Chaim Rumkowskisearch for term

1877-1944. Rumkowski was a partner in a failed LodzAlso known as "Lodz." City in incorporated western Poland where the first major ghetto was created in April 1940. By September 1941, the ghetto's population faced severe overcrowding. In October 1941, 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were deported to the Lodz ghetto. A separate section of the ghetto was set up for approximately 5,000 Austrian Roma and Sinti. During 1942 and June-July 1944, there were massive deportations from Lodz to the killing center in Chelmno. In August-September 1944, the ghetto was dissolved and the remaining 60,000 Jews were sent to Auschwitz. velvet factory before World War I. In the 1920s, he was active in communal work, especially child welfare. Rumkowski organized the Helenowek orphanage near LodzCity in incorporated western Poland, renamed Litzmannstadt, where the first major ghetto was created in April 1940. By September 1941, the ghetto's population faced severe overcrowding. In October 1941, 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were deported to the Lodz ghetto. A separate section of the ghetto was set up for approximately 5,000 Austrian Roma and Sinti. During 1942 and June-July 1944, there were massive deportations from Lodz to the killing center in Chelmno. In August-September 1944, the ghetto was dissolved and the remaining 60,000 Jews were sent to Auschwitz. and served as its director until 1939. After 1931, he also served as a leading Zionist on the Lodz Jewish community council. With German occupation, this community council was replaced by the JudenratA group of 12 to 24 Jewish men appointed by the Germans in the occupied Polish territories after 1 September 1939 to control the Jewish population which had been concentrated in ghettos before or at the same time, subject to the German civil administration whose orders it had to fulfil unconditionally. Its competencies further included administrative affairs, social welfare and health care. The Jewish Council was obliged to recruit and remunerate workers in accordance with the labour obligation of the male Jewish population, to organise their deployment to labour camps, collect and deliver contributions etc. Later, they were forced to collaborate in the deportation of the Jewish population to the death camps. Some Jewish Councils were in charge of the Ordnungsdienst (security service), the so-called Jewish Police who were not allowed to carry or use any weapons except rubber truncheons. with Rumkowski appointed as chairman. Rumkowski and his family were deported from the Lodz ghettoThe Nazis revived the medieval term 'ghetto' to describe their compulsory "Jewish quarters". Ghettos were poor sections of a city where all Jews from the city and surrounding areas were forced to reside. Surrounded by barbed wire or walls, the ghettos were sealed and no one could leave. Established mostly in German-occupied Eastern Europe (for example, Lodz, Warsaw, Vilna, Riga, Minsk), the ghettos were characterized by overcrowding, starvation and heavy labor. All ghettos were eventually dissolved, and the Jews and Gypsies that had resided there were deported and murdered. to AuschwitzA complex of concentration, labor and extermination camps located approximately 40 miles west of Cracow in Upper Silesia (Poland). Established in 1940 as a concentration camp, it became a killing center in 1942. Auschwitz I was the central camp. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was the killing center. Auschwitz III, or Monowitz, was the IG Farben labor camps, also known as BUNA. In addition, there were numerous subsidiary camps. Auschwitz was liberated by the Soviet Army on January 27, 1945. on August 20, 1944.

Moringensearch for term

Located between Göttingen and Hanover, MoringenLocated between Göttingen and Hanover, Moringen was the first central concentration camp for women from October 1933 to March 1938. It became a concentration camp for juveniles from August 1940 to April 6, 1945, holding nearly 1,600 male juvenile prisoners aged 12-22 and sometimes younger. These children were arrested for: refusal to serve in the Hitler Youth, sabotage or refusal to work, criminality, membership in the Swing youth movement, homosexuality or prostitution, and political resistance (especially young partisans from the Slovenian-Austrian border region). was the first central concentration camp for women from October 1933 to March 1938. It became a concentration camp for juveniles from August 1940 to April 6, 1945, holding nearly 1,600 male juvenile prisoners aged 12-22 and sometimes younger. These children were arrested for: refusal to serve in the Hitler Youth, sabotage or refusal to work, criminality, membership in the Swing youthIn the late 1930s, dissident teenagers in Hamburg, Berlin and other German cities who did not belong to the Hitler Youth participated in prohibited swing dance and jazz music activities. Swing music was considered "ungerman" and "degenerate." Most of the Hamburg teenagers were from elite schools and wealthy families and they defied Nazi social conventions, since jazz was a symbol of political disobedience and resistance. Many of these teenagers were arrested and later confined in concentration camps, such as Moringen and Uckermark. movement, homosexuality or prostitution, and political resistance (especially young partisans from the Slovenian-Austrian border region).