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Käthe Leichter, neé Picksearch for term

Born in 1895 in Vienna, studied political science at the University of Vienna, PhD in Heidelberg 1918. Return to Vienna. Joined the workers' council movement (Rätebewegung) where she met her future husband, Otto Leichter. As a Social Democrat especially active in the areas of women's affairs, family and labour law. After the seizure of power by the National Socialists in Austria persecution as Jew and Socialist. Participation in the training committee of the Revolutionary Socialists, drafting of pamphlets, editor of the information and news service. Her house was a meeting point of representatives of the workers' movement. Käthe Leichter prepared to flee into exile. Arrest of her mother on 30 May 1938, Käthe Leichter accompanies her on her own will. Her sons manage to escape to the United States with the help of friends. In spite of international protest, Käthe Leichter was transferred to RavensbrückConcentration camp for women opened near Fürstenberg, 56 miles north of Berlin, in May 1939. It was constructed on reclaimed swampland and built by male prisoners from Sachsenhausen during the winter of 1938-1939. Designed to hold 15,000 prisoners, Ravensbrück eventually held more than 120,000 women from 23 nations. The prisoners included political prisoners, Roma and Sinti, Jews, and Jehovah's Witnesses. It included a separate men's camp, a children's camp at Uckermark, and, from January to April 1945, a killing center. It was liberated by the Soviet Army in late April 1945. Concentration Camp in January 1940. At Ravensbrück she was imprisoned at the so-called Jewish Block. She organised literary hours with liberation songs and composed poems, e.g. To My Brothers [An meine Brüder]. Käthe Leichter was murdered in connection with the so-called "Aktion 14 f 13" in February 1942.

Kauferingsearch for term

A complex of eleven subcamps of the DachauThe first durable concentration camp, near Munich, Germany, opened in late March 1933. At first, political opponents were interned in Dachau. Gradually more groups were incarcerated there. In Dachau, there was no mass extermination program, but out of a total of 206,206 registered prisoners, there were 31,591 registered deaths. However, the total number of deaths in Dachau, including victims of individual and mass executions and death marches, will never be fully known. On April 29, 1945, the camp was liberated by units of the U.S. Seventh Army. concentration camp, existing from June 1944 to the End of April 1945.

Koschersearch for term

KoscherKoscher beschreibt die Spiesen, die nach jüdischem Speisegesetz (Kaschrut) "tauglich" sind. Nach dem jüdischen Relionsgesetz müssen Speisen und Getränke nach bestimmten Vorschriften und Gesetzen zubereitet werden. Wie umfangreich die jüdischen Speisegesetze eingehalten wird unter Juden sehr unterschiedlich gehandhabt. beschreibt die Spiesen, die nach jüdischem Speisegesetz (Kaschrut) "tauglich" sind. Nach dem jüdischen Relionsgesetz müssen Speisen und Getränke nach bestimmten Vorschriften und Gesetzen zubereitet werden. Wie umfangreich die jüdischen Speisegesetze eingehalten wird unter Juden sehr unterschiedlich gehandhabt.

Kurt Gersteinsearch for term

1905-1945. Chief disinfection officer and head of the Waffen SSThe SS started as guard detachments formed in 1925 to act as Hitler's personal guard. From 1929 on, under Heinrich Himmler, the SS developed into the elite units of the Nazi party. These Nazi paramilitary, black-shirted storm troops used two symbols copied from Teutonic runes -- a parallel, jagged double S usually used as a warning for high-tension wires or lightning. The SS was built into a giant organization by Himmler and provided the staff for the police, concentration camp guards and fighting units [Waffen SS]. Office of Hygiene in Berlin. Gerstein purchased the Zyklon BCrystalline hydrogen cyanide, used in the gas chambers of the killing centers such as Auschwitz-Birkenau. It was first used in September 1941 on Soviet and Polish prisoners at Auschwitz. gas needed in AuschwitzA complex of concentration, labor and extermination camps located approximately 40 miles west of Cracow in Upper Silesia (Poland). Established in 1940 as a concentration camp, it became a killing center in 1942. Auschwitz I was the central camp. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was the killing center. Auschwitz III, or Monowitz, was the IG Farben labor camps, also known as BUNA. In addition, there were numerous subsidiary camps. Auschwitz was liberated by the Soviet Army on January 27, 1945.. Officially, the gas was for fumigation purposes but it was actually used for killing Jews and SintiThe predominant populace of Gypsies residing in Central Europe, especially in Germany. (See "Gypsies," "Roma") and RomaConsidered a pejorative collective term for Roma and Sinti. These nomadic people are believed to have come originally from northwest India, which they left for Persia in the first millennium A.D. Traveling mostly in small caravans, Roma and Sinti first appeared in western Europe after the fourteenth century. By the sixteenth century, they had settled in every country of Europe. It is estimated that between 250,000-500,000 Roma and Sinti perished in the gas chambers, concentration camps, ghettos, and mass executions of German-occupied Europe during World War II.. Gerstein wrote a widely-quoted description of the gassing procedures in BelzecA killing center in German-occupied Poland. Originally a labor camp, Belzec became a killing center after November 1, 1941 as part of Operation Reinhard. Belzec originally had three gas chambers that used carbon monoxide from a diesel engine. In June 1942, new gas chambers were built. In December 1942, transports to Belzec ceased and the camp shut down. Approximately 600,000 people, mostly Jews, were killed there and buried in mass graves. To destro evidence of their crimes, the Germans ordered the graves opened, the bodies exhumed and cremated, and the ashes buried. The camp was dismantled in spring 1943. and forwarded information about the killings to Swedish and Vatican representatives. He hanged himself in a French jail after the war. Gerstein is the protagonist of Rolf Hochhuth's play, "The Deputy," and the subject of Saul Friedländer's biography, "The Ambiguity of Good."

Kurt Schumacher search for term

1895-1952. Social Democrat politician. Schumacher was severely wounded in World War I. He entered the SPD in 1918. He studied political science and economics, and graduated from university in 1926. From 1924-1931, Schumacher was a representative in the state senate of Wuerttemberg, and served in the Reichstag from 1930. Schumacher was already a strong opponent of Nazism before 1933. He was arrested in July 1933 and imprisoned in the concentration camps of DachauThe first durable concentration camp, near Munich, Germany, opened in late March 1933. At first, political opponents were interned in Dachau. Gradually more groups were incarcerated there. In Dachau, there was no mass extermination program, but out of a total of 206,206 registered prisoners, there were 31,591 registered deaths. However, the total number of deaths in Dachau, including victims of individual and mass executions and death marches, will never be fully known. On April 29, 1945, the camp was liberated by units of the U.S. Seventh Army. and Flossenbuerg until 1943, when he was released in poor health. Even before the end of World War II, Schumacher prepared the reestablishment of the SPD in Hannover. He had a leading role in reshaping the development of the postwar social democracy.

KZsearch for term

KonzentrationslagerAbbreviated as KZ. Prison in which political and religious dissidents, ethnic and racial opponents were involuntarily held. Before the end of World War II, the Germans set up several thousand such camps. (NS- Abkürzung: KL), nach 1933 eingerichtet zur Ausschaltung politischer Gegner, zur Einschüchterung der Bevölkerung und zur Isolierung und Vernichtung unerwünschter sozialer, ethnischer und religiöser Minderheiten sowie Kriegsgefangener. Der SS unterstellt, waren die Lager der ordentlichen Rechtsprechung entzogen. Der Tod von Millionen Menschen durch unzureichende Ernährung und Unterbringung, durch ZwangsarbeitPrisoners from concentration camps and workers conscripted in occupied Poland and the Soviet Union were compelled to work, on starvation rations, in agriculture, highway building and factories for the German state during World War II. Labor was also viewed as a form of killing by attrition. Forced labor was introduced for Sinti and Roma inside Nazi Germany in 1936, and after 1938 it was extended to German Jews and other concentration camp prisoners. Information from the Nuremberg trials estimated that there were 12 million forced laborers., Krankheiten und Misshandlungen war beabsichtigt. Bis 1945 gab es im NS-Machtbereich tausende Lager, Nebenlager und Außenkommandos.

Synonyms: Konzentrationslager, Vernichtungslager